evaluation of proliferation and cytokines production by mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate lymphocyte blastogenic and cytokine production by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (pha), pokeweed mitogen (pwm) and concanavalin a (con a) mitogens, by using tetrazolium salt and elisa tests, respectively. the results presented that  interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, il-5, il-10, il-17 and ifn-γ production in response to pwm mitogens was the highest and con a the lowest amount and the median values of three mitogens were in the following order: pwm > pha > con a > cell control. in the case of il-6, the production of this cytokine was the same amount for pwm and con a and a lower amount for pha stimulation. the results of this study not only showed a normal range for the production of these cytokines from pbmcs that were affected by mitogens, but it demonstrated that the bovine immune system at 2.5 to 3 months was post-natally matured enough to mount an effective immune response to mitogens as well as specific antigens.